The problem asks us to find all triples of natural numbers $(x, y, z)$ such that $1 < x < y < z$ and $(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5}$.

Number TheoryDiophantine EquationsInequalitiesNumber Theory
2025/5/25

1. Problem Description

The problem asks us to find all triples of natural numbers (x,y,z)(x, y, z) such that 1<x<y<z1 < x < y < z and (1+1x)(1+1y)(1+1z)=125(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5}.

2. Solution Steps

We are given that 1<x<y<z1 < x < y < z and (1+1x)(1+1y)(1+1z)=125=2.4(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5} = 2.4.
Since x,y,zx, y, z are natural numbers greater than 1, we have x2,y3,z4x \ge 2, y \ge 3, z \ge 4.
If x3x \ge 3, then y4y \ge 4 and z5z \ge 5. Thus,
1+1x1+13=431 + \frac{1}{x} \le 1 + \frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{3},
1+1y1+14=541 + \frac{1}{y} \le 1 + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{5}{4},
1+1z1+15=651 + \frac{1}{z} \le 1 + \frac{1}{5} = \frac{6}{5}.
Then, (1+1x)(1+1y)(1+1z)435465=2<125=2.4(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) \le \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{5}{4} \cdot \frac{6}{5} = 2 < \frac{12}{5} = 2.4. Thus, we must have x=2x = 2.
Now we have (1+12)(1+1y)(1+1z)=32(1+1y)(1+1z)=125(1 + \frac{1}{2})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{3}{2} (1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5}, so (1+1y)(1+1z)=12523=85=1.6(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5} \cdot \frac{2}{3} = \frac{8}{5} = 1.6.
Since 2=x<y<z2 = x < y < z, we have y3y \ge 3 and z4z \ge 4.
If y4y \ge 4, then z5z \ge 5, and 1+1y1+14=541 + \frac{1}{y} \le 1 + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{5}{4}, 1+1z1+15=651 + \frac{1}{z} \le 1 + \frac{1}{5} = \frac{6}{5}.
(1+1y)(1+1z)5465=64=32=1.5<85=1.6(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) \le \frac{5}{4} \cdot \frac{6}{5} = \frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5 < \frac{8}{5} = 1.6. Thus, we must have y=3y = 3.
Now we have (1+13)(1+1z)=43(1+1z)=85(1 + \frac{1}{3})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{4}{3} (1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{8}{5}, so 1+1z=8534=651 + \frac{1}{z} = \frac{8}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{4} = \frac{6}{5}.
Then 1z=651=15\frac{1}{z} = \frac{6}{5} - 1 = \frac{1}{5}, so z=5z = 5.
We have x=2,y=3,z=5x = 2, y = 3, z = 5, and 1<x<y<z1 < x < y < z.
(1+12)(1+13)(1+15)=324365=125(1 + \frac{1}{2})(1 + \frac{1}{3})(1 + \frac{1}{5}) = \frac{3}{2} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{6}{5} = \frac{12}{5}.

3. Final Answer

(2, 3, 5)

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