The problem consists of two parts. (i) We are asked to illustrate the statement "All good Literature students in a school are in the General Arts class" using a Venn diagram. (ii) We are then asked to use the diagram to determine whether the three given conclusions are valid based on the initial statement.

Discrete MathematicsSet TheoryVenn DiagramsLogicSubsetsDeductive Reasoning
2025/4/20

1. Problem Description

The problem consists of two parts.
(i) We are asked to illustrate the statement "All good Literature students in a school are in the General Arts class" using a Venn diagram.
(ii) We are then asked to use the diagram to determine whether the three given conclusions are valid based on the initial statement.

2. Solution Steps

(i) Venn Diagram Representation:
Let LL be the set of all good Literature students.
Let GG be the set of all students in the General Arts class.
The statement "All good Literature students in a school are in the General Arts class" means that LL is a subset of GG, i.e., LGL \subseteq G. In a Venn diagram, this is represented by a circle for LL being completely contained within a circle for GG.
(ii) Validity of Conclusions:
I. "Vivian is in the General Arts class therefore she is a good Literature student."
This is equivalent to saying if Vivian G\in G, then Vivian L\in L. However, since LGL \subseteq G, being in GG does not guarantee being in LL. There might be students in GG who are not in LL. Therefore, this conclusion is invalid.
II. "Audu is not a good Literature student therefore he is not in the General Arts class."
This is equivalent to saying if Audu L\notin L, then Audu G\notin G. Since LGL \subseteq G, if Audu is not in LL, he could still be in GLG \setminus L. For example, Audu could be a student in the General Arts class but not a good Literature student. Therefore, this conclusion is invalid. The valid conclusion would be if Audu is not in the General Arts class, then he is not a good Literature student.
III. "Kweku is not in the General Arts class therefore he is not a good Literature student."
This is equivalent to saying if Kweku G\notin G, then Kweku L\notin L. Since LGL \subseteq G, if Kweku is outside of GG, he must also be outside of LL. Thus, this conclusion is valid.

3. Final Answer

(i) The Venn diagram should show a circle representing "good Literature students" contained entirely within a larger circle representing "General Arts class students".
(ii)
I. Invalid.
II. Invalid.
III. Valid.

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