We are given that $x, y, z$ are natural numbers such that $1 < x < y < z$ and $(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5}$. We are asked to find all possible triples $(x, y, z)$ satisfying these conditions.

Number TheoryDiophantine EquationsInequalitiesInteger SolutionsNumber Theory
2025/5/25

1. Problem Description

We are given that x,y,zx, y, z are natural numbers such that 1<x<y<z1 < x < y < z and (1+1x)(1+1y)(1+1z)=125(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5}. We are asked to find all possible triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) satisfying these conditions.

2. Solution Steps

Since 1<x<y<z1 < x < y < z, we have x2,y3,z4x \ge 2, y \ge 3, z \ge 4.
Also, 1+1x>11 + \frac{1}{x} > 1, 1+1y>11 + \frac{1}{y} > 1, 1+1z>11 + \frac{1}{z} > 1.
We also know that 1+1x>1+1y>1+1z>11 + \frac{1}{x} > 1 + \frac{1}{y} > 1 + \frac{1}{z} > 1.
Since x2x \ge 2, we have 1+1x1+12=321 + \frac{1}{x} \le 1 + \frac{1}{2} = \frac{3}{2}.
Since y3y \ge 3, we have 1+1y1+13=431 + \frac{1}{y} \le 1 + \frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{3}.
Since z4z \ge 4, we have 1+1z1+14=541 + \frac{1}{z} \le 1 + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{5}{4}.
If x3x \ge 3, y4y \ge 4, z5z \ge 5, then (1+1x)(1+1y)(1+1z)(1+13)(1+14)(1+15)=435465=2<125=2.4(1 + \frac{1}{x})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) \le (1 + \frac{1}{3})(1 + \frac{1}{4})(1 + \frac{1}{5}) = \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{5}{4} \cdot \frac{6}{5} = 2 < \frac{12}{5} = 2.4. So we must have x=2x = 2.
If x=2x = 2, then (1+12)(1+1y)(1+1z)=32(1+1y)(1+1z)=125(1 + \frac{1}{2})(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{3}{2}(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5}.
So (1+1y)(1+1z)=12523=85(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{12}{5} \cdot \frac{2}{3} = \frac{8}{5}.
Since 2<y<z2 < y < z, we have y3y \ge 3 and z4z \ge 4.
If y4y \ge 4, z5z \ge 5, then (1+1y)(1+1z)(1+14)(1+15)=5465=32=1.5<85=1.6(1 + \frac{1}{y})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) \le (1 + \frac{1}{4})(1 + \frac{1}{5}) = \frac{5}{4} \cdot \frac{6}{5} = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5 < \frac{8}{5} = 1.6. So we must have y=3y = 3.
If y=3y = 3, then (1+13)(1+1z)=43(1+1z)=85(1 + \frac{1}{3})(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{4}{3}(1 + \frac{1}{z}) = \frac{8}{5}.
So 1+1z=8534=651 + \frac{1}{z} = \frac{8}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{4} = \frac{6}{5}.
Then 1z=651=15\frac{1}{z} = \frac{6}{5} - 1 = \frac{1}{5}, so z=5z = 5.
Therefore, x=2,y=3,z=5x = 2, y = 3, z = 5.

3. Final Answer

The only solution is (2,3,5)(2, 3, 5).

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