The problem asks to find the mass $m$ and the center of mass $(\bar{x}, \bar{y})$ of the lamina bounded by the given curves and with the indicated density. For problem 9, the lamina is bounded by $r = 1$, $r = 2$, $\theta = 0$, and $\theta = \pi$, with density $\delta(r, \theta) = \frac{1}{r}$.

Applied MathematicsDouble IntegralsCenter of MassPolar CoordinatesDensityCalculus
2025/5/25

1. Problem Description

The problem asks to find the mass mm and the center of mass (xˉ,yˉ)(\bar{x}, \bar{y}) of the lamina bounded by the given curves and with the indicated density.
For problem 9, the lamina is bounded by r=1r = 1, r=2r = 2, θ=0\theta = 0, and θ=π\theta = \pi, with density δ(r,θ)=1r\delta(r, \theta) = \frac{1}{r}.

2. Solution Steps

First, we find the mass mm. The mass is given by the double integral of the density over the region. In polar coordinates, dA=rdrdθdA = r dr d\theta. So,
m=0π12δ(r,θ)rdrdθ=0π121rrdrdθ=0π121drdθm = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} \delta(r, \theta) r dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} \frac{1}{r} r dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} 1 dr d\theta.
Evaluating the inner integral:
121dr=[r]12=21=1\int_{1}^{2} 1 dr = [r]_{1}^{2} = 2 - 1 = 1.
Evaluating the outer integral:
m=0π1dθ=[θ]0π=π0=πm = \int_{0}^{\pi} 1 d\theta = [\theta]_{0}^{\pi} = \pi - 0 = \pi.
Next, we find xˉ\bar{x} and yˉ\bar{y}.
xˉ=Mym\bar{x} = \frac{M_y}{m}, where My=xδ(r,θ)dAM_y = \iint x \delta(r, \theta) dA. Since x=rcosθx = r \cos\theta,
My=0π12(rcosθ)(1r)rdrdθ=0π12rcosθdrdθ=0πcosθ[r22]12dθ=0πcosθ(4212)dθ=320πcosθdθ=32[sinθ]0π=32(sinπsin0)=32(00)=0M_y = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} (r \cos\theta) (\frac{1}{r}) r dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} r \cos\theta dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos\theta \left[ \frac{r^2}{2} \right]_{1}^{2} d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos\theta (\frac{4}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) d\theta = \frac{3}{2} \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos\theta d\theta = \frac{3}{2} [\sin\theta]_{0}^{\pi} = \frac{3}{2} (\sin\pi - \sin0) = \frac{3}{2} (0 - 0) = 0.
Therefore, xˉ=Mym=0π=0\bar{x} = \frac{M_y}{m} = \frac{0}{\pi} = 0.
yˉ=Mxm\bar{y} = \frac{M_x}{m}, where Mx=yδ(r,θ)dAM_x = \iint y \delta(r, \theta) dA. Since y=rsinθy = r \sin\theta,
Mx=0π12(rsinθ)(1r)rdrdθ=0π12rsinθdrdθ=0πsinθ[r22]12dθ=0πsinθ(4212)dθ=320πsinθdθ=32[cosθ]0π=32(cosπ+cos0)=32((1)+1)=32(1+1)=32(2)=3M_x = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} (r \sin\theta) (\frac{1}{r}) r dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{1}^{2} r \sin\theta dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin\theta \left[ \frac{r^2}{2} \right]_{1}^{2} d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin\theta (\frac{4}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) d\theta = \frac{3}{2} \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin\theta d\theta = \frac{3}{2} [-\cos\theta]_{0}^{\pi} = \frac{3}{2} (-\cos\pi + \cos0) = \frac{3}{2} (-(-1) + 1) = \frac{3}{2} (1 + 1) = \frac{3}{2} (2) = 3.
Therefore, yˉ=Mxm=3π\bar{y} = \frac{M_x}{m} = \frac{3}{\pi}.

3. Final Answer

m=πm = \pi, xˉ=0\bar{x} = 0, yˉ=3π\bar{y} = \frac{3}{\pi}.

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