The problem asks us to choose the Venn diagram that correctly illustrates the following two statements: P: All students offering Literature (L) also offer History (H). Q: Students offering History (H) do not offer Geography (G).

Discrete MathematicsSet TheoryVenn DiagramsLogic
2025/4/11

1. Problem Description

The problem asks us to choose the Venn diagram that correctly illustrates the following two statements:
P: All students offering Literature (L) also offer History (H).
Q: Students offering History (H) do not offer Geography (G).

2. Solution Steps

Statement P: "All students offering Literature (L) also offer History (H)" implies that the set L is a subset of the set H. In other words, L must be entirely contained within H. Mathematically, LHL \subseteq H.
Statement Q: "Students offering History (H) do not offer Geography (G)" implies that there is no overlap between the set H and the set G. In other words, the intersection of H and G is the empty set. Mathematically, HG=H \cap G = \emptyset.
Now we analyze each option:
A. In this diagram, L, H, and G all intersect. In particular, H and G intersect, which violates statement Q. Also, L is not entirely contained within H, violating statement P.
B. In this diagram, G and H are separate, so GH=G \cap H = \emptyset. Also, H contains L, so LHL \subseteq H. Both statements P and Q are satisfied.
C. In this diagram, G and H are separate, so GH=G \cap H = \emptyset. However, L is inside H, but H does not entirely contain L. This is a contradiction since L contains H, implying all H offer L, where the question statement is that all L offer H. This is not the correct implication.
D. In this diagram, H and G intersect, violating statement Q.

3. Final Answer

B

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