We are given a regular hexagon ABCDEF. We are given that $\vec{AB} = \vec{u}$ and $\vec{BC} = \vec{v}$. We want to find $\vec{CD}$ in terms of $\vec{u}$ and $\vec{v}$.

GeometryVectorsHexagonGeometric VectorsVector AdditionRegular Polygon
2025/3/16

1. Problem Description

We are given a regular hexagon ABCDEF. We are given that AB=u\vec{AB} = \vec{u} and BC=v\vec{BC} = \vec{v}. We want to find CD\vec{CD} in terms of u\vec{u} and v\vec{v}.

2. Solution Steps

Since the hexagon is regular, we can relate the vectors around the hexagon.
We can express CD\vec{CD} as the negative of FA\vec{FA}. Thus CD=FA\vec{CD} = - \vec{FA}.
We also know that FA=CB\vec{FA} = \vec{CB}. Since BC=v\vec{BC} = \vec{v}, then CB=v\vec{CB} = -\vec{v}.
Also, CD\vec{CD} is parallel to BA\vec{BA}, but with a length ratio equal to the ratio of the length of BCBC to the length of ABAB. Since the hexagon is regular, all sides are equal.
Consider AC=AB+BC=u+v\vec{AC} = \vec{AB} + \vec{BC} = \vec{u} + \vec{v}.
Let the center of the hexagon be O.
Since the hexagon is regular, the angle between two consecutive vectors representing the sides of the hexagon is 120 degrees.
We know that CD\vec{CD} is parallel to BA\vec{BA}, and BA=AB=u\vec{BA} = -\vec{AB} = -\vec{u}.
However, the direction is not u-\vec{u}. CD\vec{CD} is not u-\vec{u}, it is pointing in a similar direction but not directly opposite of u\vec{u}.
Since the interior angle of a hexagon is 120120^{\circ}, consider a coordinate system such that A=(0,0)A = (0,0), B=(1,0)B = (1,0), and C=(1+cos(120),sin(120))=(112,32)=(12,32)C = (1 + \cos(120^{\circ}), \sin(120^{\circ})) = (1 - \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = (\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}).
Then u=(1,0)\vec{u} = (1,0) and v=(12,32)\vec{v} = (\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}). We can find the coordinates of D to be (1212,32+32)=(0,3)(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = (0, \sqrt{3}).
Then CD=(012,332)=(12,32)\vec{CD} = (0 - \frac{1}{2}, \sqrt{3} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = (-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}).
We are looking for aa and bb such that CD=au+bv=a(1,0)+b(12,32)=(a+b2,b32)=(12,32)\vec{CD} = a\vec{u} + b\vec{v} = a(1,0) + b(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = (a + \frac{b}{2}, \frac{b\sqrt{3}}{2}) = (-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}).
Then b32=32\frac{b\sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, so b=1b=1.
And a+12=12a + \frac{1}{2} = -\frac{1}{2}, so a=1a = -1.
Thus CD=u+v=vu\vec{CD} = -\vec{u} + \vec{v} = \vec{v} - \vec{u}.

3. Final Answer

D. vu\vec{v} - \vec{u}

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