The image shows a table with calculations. The goal is likely to understand the calculations being performed, especially based on the formula at the top: $P'_i = \Phi(U_i) - \Phi(U_{i-1})$. The table contains values for $x$, the number of observations, a range for $U_{i-1}$ to $U_i$, calculated $U_{i-1}$ and $U_i$, and values for $\Phi(U_{i-1})$. We also have $\bar{x} = 83.09$ and $s = 6.72$. Based on the available data, let us calculate $\Phi(U_i)$ for at least one row.

Applied MathematicsStatisticsProbabilityData AnalysisNormal DistributionStandardization
2025/5/12

1. Problem Description

The image shows a table with calculations. The goal is likely to understand the calculations being performed, especially based on the formula at the top: Pi=Φ(Ui)Φ(Ui1)P'_i = \Phi(U_i) - \Phi(U_{i-1}). The table contains values for xx, the number of observations, a range for Ui1U_{i-1} to UiU_i, calculated Ui1U_{i-1} and UiU_i, and values for Φ(Ui1)\Phi(U_{i-1}). We also have xˉ=83.09\bar{x} = 83.09 and s=6.72s = 6.72. Based on the available data, let us calculate Φ(Ui)\Phi(U_i) for at least one row.

2. Solution Steps

First, let's examine how Ui1U_{i-1} and UiU_i are calculated. Based on the image, it seems they are using the formulas:
Ui1=xi1xˉsU_{i-1} = \frac{x_{i-1} - \bar{x}}{s}
Ui=xixˉsU_{i} = \frac{x_{i} - \bar{x}}{s}
Consider the first row where the range is 64.3 to 67.

9. $x_{i-1} = 64.3$, $x_i = 67.9$.

Ui1=64.383.096.72=18.796.722.7962.80U_{i-1} = \frac{64.3 - 83.09}{6.72} = \frac{-18.79}{6.72} \approx -2.796 \approx -2.80 (the image shows -2.92 in the table, which is slightly different and could be due to rounding).
Ui=67.983.096.72=15.196.722.26U_{i} = \frac{67.9 - 83.09}{6.72} = \frac{-15.19}{6.72} \approx -2.26 which matches the table.
Φ(Ui1)\Phi(U_{i-1}) which is Φ(2.796)\Phi(-2.796) is approximately 0.4987-0.4987.
Now, consider row 6, corresponding to the range 82.3; 88.

9. We're given $U_{i-1} = -0.12$ and $U_i = 0.42$.

xi1=82.3x_{i-1} = 82.3
xi=88.9x_i = 88.9
Let's verify Ui1U_{i-1}.
Ui1=82.383.096.72=0.796.720.1170.12U_{i-1} = \frac{82.3 - 83.09}{6.72} = \frac{-0.79}{6.72} \approx -0.117 \approx -0.12
Ui=88.983.096.72=5.816.720.865U_i = \frac{88.9 - 83.09}{6.72} = \frac{5.81}{6.72} \approx 0.865
The table shows Ui=0.42U_i = 0.42 which is very different than our calculation. So, there appears to be some other error in the image, as our calculation of UiU_i does not agree with what's in the table.
We are given that Φ(Ui1)=0.0478\Phi(U_{i-1}) = -0.0478.
If we want to calculate Φ(Ui)\Phi(U_i) which is Φ(0.42)\Phi(0.42), this equals 0.16280.1628 according to the table.

3. Final Answer

I am unable to solve the problem completely due to inconsistencies in the provided image and data. However, the process for calculating the desired values is as follows:
Ui1=xi1xˉsU_{i-1} = \frac{x_{i-1} - \bar{x}}{s}
Ui=xixˉsU_{i} = \frac{x_{i} - \bar{x}}{s}
Pi=Φ(Ui)Φ(Ui1)P'_i = \Phi(U_i) - \Phi(U_{i-1})
Without consistent data in the table, I cannot produce correct final numerical answers for all rows.

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