The problem states that in a large random sample of American students in seventh grade, 20% of them were reading below grade level. The question asks to choose the valid conclusion based on this data.

Probability and StatisticsStatistical InferenceSamplingPercentageData Analysis
2025/3/8

1. Problem Description

The problem states that in a large random sample of American students in seventh grade, 20% of them were reading below grade level. The question asks to choose the valid conclusion based on this data.

2. Solution Steps

Option A states: "About 20% of all American students in seventh grade were reading below grade level." Since the sample is random and large, we can infer that the percentage of students reading below grade level in the population is approximately the same as in the sample. So, this conclusion is plausible.
Option B states: "20% of this sample was reading below grade level, but we cannot conclude anything about the population." This statement is incorrect. Since the sample is large and random, we can make inferences about the population.
Option C states: "About 20% of all American students were reading below grade level." This statement is too broad since it doesn't specify which grade level it is referring to. The information we have is only for seventh-grade students.
Therefore, Option A is the most accurate and valid conclusion.

3. Final Answer

About 20% of all American students in seventh grade were reading below grade level.

Related problems in "Probability and Statistics"

A number is selected at random from the integers 30 to 48 inclusive. We want to find the probability...

ProbabilityPrime NumbersDivisibility
2025/6/3

The problem describes a survey where 30 people answered about their favorite book genres. The result...

PercentagesData InterpretationPie ChartFractions
2025/6/1

The problem asks us to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in promotion rat...

Hypothesis TestingChi-Square TestContingency TableStatistical SignificanceIndependence
2025/6/1

We are given a contingency table showing the number of students from different majors (Psychology, B...

Chi-Square TestContingency TableStatistical InferenceHypothesis Testing
2025/6/1

The problem describes a scenario where a pizza company wants to determine if the number of different...

Chi-Square TestGoodness-of-Fit TestHypothesis TestingFrequency DistributionP-value
2025/6/1

The problem asks to test the significance of three chi-square tests given the sample size $N$, numbe...

Chi-square testStatistical SignificanceDegrees of FreedomEffect SizeCramer's VHypothesis Testing
2025/5/29

The problem asks us to compute the expected frequencies for the given contingency table. The conting...

Contingency TableExpected FrequenciesChi-squared Test
2025/5/29

The problem asks us to estimate the chi-square value when $n=23$ and $p=99$, given a table of chi-sq...

Chi-square distributionStatistical estimationInterpolation
2025/5/27

The problem consists of several parts related to statistics and probability. We need to: A. Define s...

Sample Standard DeviationProbabilitySample SpaceConditional ProbabilityMutually Exclusive EventsIndependent EventsProbability of Events
2025/5/27

We are given a statistical series of two variables and the regression line equation $y = 9x + 0.6$. ...

RegressionMeanStatistical Series
2025/5/24