Given a triangle $ABC$, points $M$ and $N$ are defined such that $\vec{AM} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AB}$ and $\vec{AN} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AC}$. (1) We need to show that lines $(MN)$ and $(BC)$ are parallel. (2) Let $S$ and $T$ be the midpoints of segments $[BC]$ and $[MN]$, respectively. We need to show that points $A$, $S$, and $T$ are collinear.

GeometryVectorsCollinearityParallel LinesTriangle Geometry
2025/3/9

1. Problem Description

Given a triangle ABCABC, points MM and NN are defined such that AM=23AB\vec{AM} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AB} and AN=23AC\vec{AN} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AC}.
(1) We need to show that lines (MN)(MN) and (BC)(BC) are parallel.
(2) Let SS and TT be the midpoints of segments [BC][BC] and [MN][MN], respectively. We need to show that points AA, SS, and TT are collinear.

2. Solution Steps

(1) To show that (MN)(MN) and (BC)(BC) are parallel, we need to show that MN\vec{MN} and BC\vec{BC} are collinear.
MN=ANAM=23AC(23AB)=23AC+23AB=23(ABAC)=23(ACAB)=23BC\vec{MN} = \vec{AN} - \vec{AM} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AC} - (-\frac{2}{3}\vec{AB}) = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AC} + \frac{2}{3}\vec{AB} = \frac{2}{3}(\vec{AB} - \vec{AC}) = -\frac{2}{3}(\vec{AC} - \vec{AB}) = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{BC}.
Since MN=23BC\vec{MN} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{BC}, MN\vec{MN} and BC\vec{BC} are collinear, which means that lines (MN)(MN) and (BC)(BC) are parallel.
(2) To show that AA, SS, and TT are collinear, we need to show that AT\vec{AT} and AS\vec{AS} are collinear.
Since SS is the midpoint of BCBC, AS=12(AB+AC)\vec{AS} = \frac{1}{2}(\vec{AB} + \vec{AC}).
Since TT is the midpoint of MNMN, AT=12(AM+AN)\vec{AT} = \frac{1}{2}(\vec{AM} + \vec{AN}).
We know that AM=23AB\vec{AM} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AB} and AN=23AC\vec{AN} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AC}.
So, AT=12(23AB23AC)=13(AB+AC)\vec{AT} = \frac{1}{2}(-\frac{2}{3}\vec{AB} - \frac{2}{3}\vec{AC}) = -\frac{1}{3}(\vec{AB} + \vec{AC}).
Therefore, AT=23(12(AB+AC))=23AS\vec{AT} = -\frac{2}{3}(\frac{1}{2}(\vec{AB} + \vec{AC})) = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AS}.
Since AT=23AS\vec{AT} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AS}, the vectors AT\vec{AT} and AS\vec{AS} are collinear, which means that the points AA, SS, and TT are collinear.

3. Final Answer

AT=23AS\vec{AT} = -\frac{2}{3}\vec{AS}

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