Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Let $B'$ and $C'$ be the midpoints of segments $[AC]$ and $[AB]$ respectively. Let $k$ be a real number. Let $D$ and $E$ be the points in the plane defined by $\vec{AD} = k \vec{AB}$ and $\vec{CE} = k \vec{CA}$. Let $I$ be the midpoint of $[DE]$. We want to show that $B'$, $C'$, and $I$ are collinear (aligned).

GeometryVectorsCollinearityMidpointTriangle Geometry
2025/3/9

1. Problem Description

Let ABCABC be a triangle. Let BB' and CC' be the midpoints of segments [AC][AC] and [AB][AB] respectively. Let kk be a real number. Let DD and EE be the points in the plane defined by AD=kAB\vec{AD} = k \vec{AB} and CE=kCA\vec{CE} = k \vec{CA}. Let II be the midpoint of [DE][DE]. We want to show that BB', CC', and II are collinear (aligned).

2. Solution Steps

We will express all the vectors in terms of AB\vec{AB} and AC\vec{AC}.
Since CC' is the midpoint of [AB][AB], we have AC=12AB\vec{AC'} = \frac{1}{2} \vec{AB}.
Since BB' is the midpoint of [AC][AC], we have AB=12AC\vec{AB'} = \frac{1}{2} \vec{AC}.
We are given AD=kAB\vec{AD} = k \vec{AB}.
Also, we are given CE=kCA\vec{CE} = k \vec{CA}. So, AE=AC+CE=AC+kCA=(1k)AC\vec{AE} = \vec{AC} + \vec{CE} = \vec{AC} + k \vec{CA} = (1 - k) \vec{AC}.
Since II is the midpoint of [DE][DE], we have AI=12(AD+AE)\vec{AI} = \frac{1}{2} (\vec{AD} + \vec{AE}).
Thus, AI=12(kAB+(1k)AC)=k2AB+1k2AC\vec{AI} = \frac{1}{2} (k \vec{AB} + (1 - k) \vec{AC}) = \frac{k}{2} \vec{AB} + \frac{1 - k}{2} \vec{AC}.
Now, we want to find if CI\vec{C'I} and CB\vec{C'B'} are collinear.
CI=AIAC=(k2AB+1k2AC)12AB=(k212)AB+1k2AC=k12AB+1k2AC=1k2(ACAB)\vec{C'I} = \vec{AI} - \vec{AC'} = (\frac{k}{2} \vec{AB} + \frac{1 - k}{2} \vec{AC}) - \frac{1}{2} \vec{AB} = (\frac{k}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) \vec{AB} + \frac{1 - k}{2} \vec{AC} = \frac{k - 1}{2} \vec{AB} + \frac{1 - k}{2} \vec{AC} = \frac{1 - k}{2} (\vec{AC} - \vec{AB}).
Also, CB=ABAC=12AC12AB=12(ACAB)\vec{C'B'} = \vec{AB'} - \vec{AC'} = \frac{1}{2} \vec{AC} - \frac{1}{2} \vec{AB} = \frac{1}{2} (\vec{AC} - \vec{AB}).
We observe that CI=(1k)CB\vec{C'I} = (1 - k) \vec{C'B'}.
Since CI\vec{C'I} is a scalar multiple of CB\vec{C'B'}, the vectors CI\vec{C'I} and CB\vec{C'B'} are collinear.
Therefore, the points CC', II, and BB' are collinear (aligned).

3. Final Answer

CI=(1k)CB\vec{C'I} = (1 - k) \vec{C'B'}

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