We are given three vectors: $a = (\sqrt{3}/3, \sqrt{3}/3, \sqrt{3}/3)$, $b = (1, -1, 0)$, and $c = (-2, -2, 1)$. We need to find the angle between each pair of vectors: (a and b), (a and c), and (b and c).

GeometryVectorsDot ProductAngles3D Geometry
2025/6/2

1. Problem Description

We are given three vectors: a=(3/3,3/3,3/3)a = (\sqrt{3}/3, \sqrt{3}/3, \sqrt{3}/3), b=(1,1,0)b = (1, -1, 0), and c=(2,2,1)c = (-2, -2, 1). We need to find the angle between each pair of vectors: (a and b), (a and c), and (b and c).

2. Solution Steps

First, recall the formula for the dot product of two vectors uu and vv:
uv=uvcosθu \cdot v = ||u|| \cdot ||v|| \cdot \cos{\theta},
where θ\theta is the angle between the two vectors.
Thus, we can find the angle θ\theta using:
cosθ=uvuv\cos{\theta} = \frac{u \cdot v}{||u|| \cdot ||v||}
θ=arccosuvuv\theta = \arccos{\frac{u \cdot v}{||u|| \cdot ||v||}}
(1) Angle between a and b:
ab=(3/3)(1)+(3/3)(1)+(3/3)(0)=3/33/3+0=0a \cdot b = (\sqrt{3}/3)(1) + (\sqrt{3}/3)(-1) + (\sqrt{3}/3)(0) = \sqrt{3}/3 - \sqrt{3}/3 + 0 = 0
a=(3/3)2+(3/3)2+(3/3)2=3/9+3/9+3/9=9/9=1||a|| = \sqrt{(\sqrt{3}/3)^2 + (\sqrt{3}/3)^2 + (\sqrt{3}/3)^2} = \sqrt{3/9 + 3/9 + 3/9} = \sqrt{9/9} = 1
b=12+(1)2+02=1+1+0=2||b|| = \sqrt{1^2 + (-1)^2 + 0^2} = \sqrt{1 + 1 + 0} = \sqrt{2}
cosθab=012=0\cos{\theta_{ab}} = \frac{0}{1 \cdot \sqrt{2}} = 0
θab=arccos0=π2\theta_{ab} = \arccos{0} = \frac{\pi}{2}
(2) Angle between a and c:
ac=(3/3)(2)+(3/3)(2)+(3/3)(1)=23/323/3+3/3=33/3=3a \cdot c = (\sqrt{3}/3)(-2) + (\sqrt{3}/3)(-2) + (\sqrt{3}/3)(1) = -2\sqrt{3}/3 - 2\sqrt{3}/3 + \sqrt{3}/3 = -3\sqrt{3}/3 = -\sqrt{3}
a=1||a|| = 1 (calculated above)
c=(2)2+(2)2+12=4+4+1=9=3||c|| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + (-2)^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{4 + 4 + 1} = \sqrt{9} = 3
cosθac=313=33\cos{\theta_{ac}} = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{1 \cdot 3} = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}
θac=arccos(33)2.22\theta_{ac} = \arccos{(-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3})} \approx 2.22 radians, or 127.35127.35 degrees. We can also write this as arccos(13)\arccos{(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}})}.
(3) Angle between b and c:
bc=(1)(2)+(1)(2)+(0)(1)=2+2+0=0b \cdot c = (1)(-2) + (-1)(-2) + (0)(1) = -2 + 2 + 0 = 0
b=2||b|| = \sqrt{2} (calculated above)
c=3||c|| = 3 (calculated above)
cosθbc=023=0\cos{\theta_{bc}} = \frac{0}{\sqrt{2} \cdot 3} = 0
θbc=arccos0=π2\theta_{bc} = \arccos{0} = \frac{\pi}{2}

3. Final Answer

The angle between vectors a and b is π2\frac{\pi}{2}.
The angle between vectors a and c is arccos(33)\arccos{(-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3})}.
The angle between vectors b and c is π2\frac{\pi}{2}.

Related problems in "Geometry"

We need to describe the domain of the following two functions geometrically: 27. $f(x, y, z) = \sqrt...

3D GeometryDomainSphereHyperboloidMultivariable Calculus
2025/6/3

We need to find the gradient of the line passing through the points $P(2, -3)$ and $Q(5, 3)$.

Coordinate GeometryGradientSlope of a Line
2025/6/3

The problem presents a diagram with a circle and some angles. Given that $\angle PMQ = 34^\circ$ and...

Circle GeometryAnglesCyclic QuadrilateralsInscribed Angles
2025/6/3

In the given diagram, we are given that $∠PMQ = 34°$ and $∠NQM = 28°$. We need to find the measure o...

AnglesCirclesCyclic QuadrilateralsTriangles
2025/6/3

We need to sketch the graph of $f(x, y)$ for the following functions: 7. $f(x, y) = 6$ 8. $f(x, y) =...

3D GeometrySurfacesPlanesCylindersParaboloidsEllipsoidsHemispheres
2025/6/3

The problem provides the measures of the six interior angles of a hexagon in terms of $x$. The task ...

PolygonHexagonInterior AnglesAngle SumAlgebra
2025/6/3

We are asked to describe the graphs of several functions of two variables, $f(x, y)$.

3D GeometryFunctions of Two VariablesPlanesCylindersSpheresEllipsoidsParaboloids
2025/6/3

We are given that a sector of a circle has a radius of 21 cm and subtends an angle of $120^{\circ}$ ...

Arc LengthCirclesSectorTrigonometry
2025/6/3

Problem 30: We are given a right triangle $PQR$ with $\angle PQR = 90^\circ$, $|QR| = 2$ cm, and $\a...

TrigonometryRight TrianglesTriangle Angle SumAngle Ratios
2025/6/3

Question 28: The probability that a seed planted will germinate is 0.75. If 3 of such seeds are plan...

ConeVolumeRadius
2025/6/3